UNITED STATES
ROADMAP POLICIES AND STRATEGIES
EFFECTIVE POLICIES
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES
2022 Prenatal-to-3 State Policy Roadmap
- Assess the wellbeing of its infants and toddlers and prioritize state PN-3 policy goals;
- Identify the evidence-based policy solutions proven to impact PN-3 policy goals;
- Monitor states’ adoption and implementation of the 11 effective Roadmap policies and strategies;
- Track the impact that policy changes have on improving the wellbeing of children and families and reducing disparities between racial and ethnic groups.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Expanded Income Eligibility for Health Insurance
The United States Roadmap summary presents an overview of the prenatal-to-3 state policy goals and states’ progress over the last year on the 11 Roadmap policies and strategies.
Demographic Characteristics
The characteristics of families vary considerably by state. Find summary data on the current demographic composition and characteristics of the United States’ prenatal-to-3 population. State-specific demographic characteristics are also available within each state Roadmap.
State-Level Outcomes
Use the pull-down menu to browse state-level data on 20 outcome measures to track the overall health and wellbeing of infants and toddlers and their parents. Each outcome is aligned with a PN-3 policy goal and illustrates states’ success in meeting that goal or indicates where a state is lagging.
Effective state policies
Expanded Income Eligibility for Health Insurance
Medicaid expansion helps families access needed care and services, increases financial wellbeing, improves healthy and equitable birth outcomes, and keeps children safe.
Reduced Administrative Burden for SNAP
Reduced administrative burden through a bundle of policies increases SNAP participation rates among eligible households, which lowers food insecurity among children and families.
Paid family leave
Paid family leave programs providing a minimum of 6 weeks increase access to paid time off from work, reduce racial disparities in leave-taking, boost mothers’ labor force participation, improve maternal mental health, and foster better child-parent relationships and child health.
State minimum wage
A state minimum wage of at least $10.00 increases household earnings and reduces child poverty, particularly in families of color, improves birth outcomes and children’s health and development.
State Earned Income Tax Credit
A refundable state EITC of at least 10% of the federal credit promotes healthier and equitable birth outcomes, increases parents’ workforce participation, and improves economic security, with the greatest effects for single mothers and their children.
Effective state strategies
Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs
Comprehensive screening and connection programs increase families’ connections to needed services, and may enhance optimal child health and development with positive impacts on emergency department visits and vaccination rates.
Child Care Subsidies
Child care subsidies increase access to needed services including the use single, formal care arrangements, support maternal employment, and increase earnings.
Group Prenatal Care
Participation in group prenatal care improves the likelihood that mothers receive adequate prenatal care, and may impact mothers’ physical and emotional health and breastfeeding initiation.
Community-Based Doulas
Participation in group prenatal care improves the likelihood that mothers receive adequate prenatal care, and may impact mothers’ physical and emotional health and breastfeeding initiation.
Evidence-Based Home Visiting Programs
Participation in evidence-based home visiting programs leads to small but positive impacts on parenting skills; these effects exist within the context of many more null findings. Impacts are inconclusive across program models on other important child and family outcomes, including birth outcomes, child maltreatment, and child health.
Early Head Start
Early Head Start improves numerous aspects of child-parent relationships, promotes access to good-quality care, positively impacts parent health and emotional wellbeing, and improves children’s language and vocabulary skills and problem behaviors.
Early Intervention Services
Early Intervention services improve children’s cognitive, motor, behavioral, and language development, and boosts maternal self-confidence and role satisfaction.