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UNITED STATES ROADMAP

ROADMAP POLICIES AND STRATEGIES

EFFECTIVE POLICIES

EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES

EMERGING STRATEGIES

INTERACTIVE
THE POLICY IMPACT CALCULATOR
Methods and Sources
FAQ
Additional Roadmap Resources

COMPREHENSIVE SCREENING AND CONNECTION PROGRAMS

Comprehensive screening and connection programs assess the social predictors of health that contribute to long-term child and family wellbeing, which include behavioral and biological issues as well as housing, income support, food security, and health insurance coverage. Screening for indicators of health beyond behavioral and biological issues not only helps families, but it also encourages providers to take a more holistic approach to the many factors affecting health and wellbeing.1 Addressing risk early is vital for creating a strong foundation for child development.

Programs connect families to necessary services and supports to address concerns, based on identified needs. Support for families can include educational materials, additional developmental or health screenings, and connections to existing community resources such as mental health services and child care. Identifying needs through screenings alone is not enough to substantially improve child outcomes; referrals to, and initiation of, effective services are also key aspects of these approaches to address identified areas of need.2

3 Comprehensive Screening and Connection Program Models Have Been Rigorously Studied

To be considered a comprehensive screening and connection program for this Roadmap, the program must (1) screen families for a range of social, health, and financial needs and connect the families to appropriate services; (2) be universal and, therefore, available and voluntary to all families in the service area, regardless of income or other eligibility criteria (it can be geographically limited); (3) be initiated by outreach or contact from the program model, and not require that families request help first; and (4) be low touch in its service delivery, providing families with a small number of home visits or other short-term contact between families and the program.

Although many local and statewide programs have screening and referral components, the three evidence-based and rigorously studied comprehensive screening and connection programs are Developmental Understanding and Legal Collaboration for Everyone (DULCE), Family Connects, and HealthySteps. Programs considered rigorously studied have one or more randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test for effectiveness.

Family Connects Recruits Families at Birth in Participating Hospitals

Family Connects, a community-wide nurse home visiting program, offers enrollment to families at participating hospitals. Families that opt in to the program receive approximately one to three home visits. Based on the results of the intake assessment and concerns of the families, the nurse offers services tailored to the family’s specific needs and level of risk, including connections to available community resources.3

DULCE and HealthySteps Connect to Families in Pediatric Care Settings

DULCE provides families a multi-sectoral approach through its Interdisciplinary Team, which includes legal partners, Family Specialists, and medical providers, among others. At routine well-child visits, families are screened for any social and economic stressors; if needs are identified, the team works collaboratively with families and follows up to ensure service delivery. DULCE is available for families with infants up to age 6 months.4 DULCE data in 2025 indicate that a handful of sites across Florida, New Mexico, and Vermont are considering an adaptation of the DULCE model that would extend its services to families with infants up to 12 months of age.

HealthySteps also takes a team approach in its program model by adding a child developmental specialist into the pediatric care setting for children up to age 3. The program aims to improve parenting knowledge and behaviors to promote optimal growth and development during a child’s earliest years. Different tiers of short-term and ongoing supports are available to participating families, depending on their needs identified by the comprehensive screenings.5

Search the Prenatal-to-3 Policy Clearinghouse for an ongoing inventory of rigorous evidence reviews, including more information on comprehensive screening and connection programs.

The most rigorous studies show that comprehensive screening and connection programs successfully connect families to community resources, improve parental mental health, and may enhance optimal child health and development outcomes, such as vaccination rates and emergency department visits.

More Evidence Is Needed on How Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Reduce Racial and Ethnic Disparities

Comprehensive screening and connection programs may reduce racial and ethnic disparities in outcomes because of their emphasis on addressing social predictors of health.6 Five rigorous studies assess subgroup effects by race or ethnicity, but evidence remains too scarce to draw conclusions about the ability of comprehensive and screening and connection programs to improve disparities in outcomes.

An evaluation of Family Connects showed that the program had larger positive effects on infant emergency care use for those identified by the authors as “nonminority” families and families who were on Medicaid or uninsured, compared to privately insured families.7 Further, a follow-up study of families served by Family Connects at 24 months after program receipt found significant treatment effects only among “nonminority” families.8

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Family Connects demonstrated reductions in disparities between Black and White families in maternal anxiety, maternal depression, and child emergency medical care. The study also found a reduction in disparities in child emergency medical care and child maltreatment investigations.9 More research is needed to understand the different results in the multiple Family Connects studies.

HealthySteps was shown to have larger positive impacts on parental discipline among White mothers, but these findings may have been influenced by skewed attrition rates between first and second interviews with participants.10,11 Additionally, families of different races and ethnicities may respond differently to program models because of their cultural values or beliefs that may affect parenting styles.11

More evidence is needed on which comprehensive screening and connection programs may be the most culturally appropriate and responsive to families. Future research should also consider the circumstances under which programs may have the largest positive impact on reducing racial disparities.

For more information on what we know and what we still need to learn about comprehensive screening and connection programs, see the evidence review on comprehensive screening and connection programs.

The current evidence base does not clearly identify a specific policy lever that states should adopt to provide comprehensive screening and connection programs to all families.

We identified three key policy levers that states can implement to increase participation of eligible families:

  • Establish a state goal to implement evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs statewide,
  • Use Medicaid funding to support evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs, and
  • Use direct state funding to support evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs.
Key Policy Lever: Establish a State Goal to Implement Evidence-Based Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Statewide

In many states, comprehensive screening and connection programs are implemented at the local or community level, but states can implement a statewide initiative to ensure access is extended to regions and communities where families can benefit the most.

Although setting a goal to implement comprehensive screening and connection programs statewide is an important step, statewide initiatives typically start with legislation and require significant investment to launch. States can start with temporary funding for small-scale implementation or use long-term funding to roll out a program over time; sustainable funding will be needed to extend the life of the statewide program.

As of September 2026, seven states have a goal to implement, or have started to implement, comprehensive screening and connection programs that will eventually have statewide reach. Five states (Connecticut, Colorado, New Jersey, Ohio, and Oregon) use the Family Connects model as a basis for statewide programs; Vermont uses DULCE. Illinois is developing a model-neutral statewide framework under which participating programs will be required to meet evidence-based standards.

In 2021, Connecticut used $8 million of the state’s American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funds to launch its statewide program, called “Family Bridge,” and opened its first site in October 2023. The Fiscal Year 2026-27 state budget appropriated an additional $1.8 million to continue expansion of Family Bridge. Colorado also used ARPA funding for the initial start-up of its statewide Family Connects expansion and has sustained its state investments year-over-year. The state’s current investment goes through at least Fiscal Year 2028-29, with active services in five counties and expansions underway in at least two more as of September 2026.

New Jersey appropriated $2.75 million in 2021 to launch its statewide program and began operating Family Connects in five counties in 2024. The Fiscal Year 2026-27 state budget appropriated $48.6 million as the state continued working toward expansion to all 21 counties by January 2027. Oregon, which has been implementing statewide expansion since 2019, increased participation in Family Connects from 600 families in 2022 to more than 1,700 families in 2025.

Beginning in 2021, Illinois used an approximately $1.2 million 5-year federal grant to develop recommendations for a universal newborn support system intended to reach families across all counties. In June 2026, the state enacted legislation laying the groundwork for the system, authorizing the Department of Human Services to develop and manage the administrative and funding infrastructure needed to support existing programs and future expansion. Although the 2026 legislation does not explicitly select any particular evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection model for the expansion, the state uses Family Connects as its primary model in 10 counties.

Ohio began implementing Governor DeWine’s plan to scale Family Connects statewide in early 2025, with the launch of a pilot program in 11 counties. In April 2026, the Ohio Department of Children and Youth announced that Family Connects would expand to an additional 22 counties, and as of September 2026, the program was available to families in 33 counties total. Vermont is using federal Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funds to expand the reach of DULCE statewide.

Key Policy Lever: Use Medicaid Funding to Support Evidence-Based Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs

Comprehensive screening and connection programs rely on a variety of funding mechanisms. A key funding stream states can use to support programs is Medicaid. States can allocate Medicaid funds to support programs or states can pass legislation or take administrative action to set and increase Medicaid reimbursement rates for eligible providers.

As of September 2026, 26 states now leverage Medicaid to support evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs. Of those, five states (Alabama, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and South Carolina) began supporting their HealthySteps programs using Medicaid in 2025. Illinois and Nebraska began supporting their Family Connects programs using Medicaid.

Comprehensive screening and connection programs can bill Medicaid for preventive services or targeted case management services, which include screening and referral services, if an approved state plan amendment (SPA) is in place. Medicaid coverage can also be achieved through contracts with Medicaid managed care organizations (MCOs), in which MCOs pay for services related to comprehensive screening and connection programs.

Changes to Medicaid funding at the federal level may impact Medicaid coverage and services of evidence-based programs such as comprehensive screening and connection programs. Work to determine the full impact of federal Medicaid changes on state offerings is ongoing.

Key Policy Lever: Use Direct State Funding to Support Evidence-Based Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs

Direct state funding can support the start-up or expansion of evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection program sites. States may use general funds, revenue streams dedicated to early childhood development and health programs (e.g., property or tobacco taxes), and state agency funding (e.g., prevention and family services departments).

Currently, 25 states use some type of direct state funding to support comprehensive screening and connection programs. Alabama, the District of Columbia, and New Hampshire all began using state funding to support HealthySteps in the last year. Connecticut and Ohio began using state funding to support Family Connects.

Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Rely on Funding Sources Beyond Medicaid and Direct State Funding

In addition to Medicaid and direct state funding, DULCE, Family Connects, and HealthySteps are funded through federal and private support, including a combination of local government resources, foundation support, and health system reinvestments.13,14,15 Comprehensive screening and connection programs have also used federal funding through multiple grant programs, including the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) program, and the Preschool Development Grant (PDG).16,17 Programs also rely on local and county general funds or public health funds.18,19

For more information on the state policy levers to help maximize the effectiveness of comprehensive screening and connection programs see our State Policy Lever Checklists.

States vary considerably in the percentage of children under age 3 who are served by comprehensive screening and connection programs, the program models they implement, and the number of sites available for families. Although no state offers all three evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs, 18 states offer two of the three programs. Twenty states do not offer any programs.

HealthySteps is the largest of the three program models. As of 2025, HealthySteps offered services in at least 24 states, although state-level service data were only available for 23. Tennessee had one active HealthySteps site, which launched in 2024, but service data was not available in 2025. New York has more HealthySteps sites than any other state, with 105 sites that provide access to 16.4% of infants and toddlers across the state. The District of Columbia serves 22.5% of children and families at its eight HealthySteps sites, the highest percentage in the country. Most HealthySteps states, however, offer services to relatively few infants and toddlers. In 16 of the states that offer HealthySteps and have service data available, fewer than 5% of children under age 4 have access to the program.

Throughout 2025, Family Connects was offered in 20 states. Illinois, New Jersey, and South Carolina all served over 5% of newborns in their state in 2025, and Oregon hosted the most active Family Connects sites, reporting service activity across 12 counties. Notably, Ohio launched its first Family Connects sites in 2025.

DULCE is the smallest program, serving over 700 families across 13 sites in California, Florida, Mississippi, New Mexico, and Vermont in 2025. Though Rhode Island’s three sites were actively operating in 2025, the state did not report the number of families served by DULCE throughout the year.

Several States Offer Alternative Models That Do Not Meet Our Definition of Evidence-Based Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs

Many states have alternative comprehensive screening and connection program models that may share similar goals to DULCE, Family Connects, and HealthySteps and that strive to support families and connect them to necessary community services. These alternative program models may meet the specific needs of the state – with several offering statewide services or with broad reach – but they have not been evaluated to the same extent as the three evidence-based models.20

Help Me Grow is focused on helping families with young children make connections to community resources and is active in 31 states. Some states also integrate 211 information and referral systems with Help Me Grow to perform or support some early childhood service connections, although their role varies by state and is not consistently tracked nationwide. In Texas, for example, Help Me Grow uses 211 infrastructure to connect families with developmental screening and community resources. Ohio’s statewide 211 system can similarly help direct families to early childhood services, including Help Me Grow.

First Born is another alternative program that is available only in New Mexico. Started in 1997, First Born is a universal home visiting program that provides support, screening, and connection services to families with children under age 4, and may include up to 40 home visits.

Some alternative models work in tandem with state or local health departments. For example, Welcome Baby is available in nine Los Angeles County hospitals and provides universal prenatal and postpartum home visits to families. A separate initiative by the same name operates in Tennessee through the state Department of Health. Every family with a newborn in Tennessee receives a packet in the mail with information on community services. Families are screened for child risks and some families receive additional outreach.

In Indiana, the My Healthy Baby program connects pregnant Medicaid enrollees with free home visiting services during pregnancy and through their infant’s first year. The program, which is administered through a partnership between the Department of Health, the Family Social Services Administration, and the Department of Child Services, is available statewide and completed over 16,700 screenings and 6,700 referrals in 2024.

The Hawaii Healthy Start Program was launched through the state Department of Health as a pilot in the 1980s and expanded statewide in 2000. Healthy Start supports at-risk families with newborns through home visits and connects those families with community resources.

Iowa has an alternative model, 1st Five Iowa, which is a partnership between the state’s Department of Public Health and primary care providers. Providers universally screen children up to age 5 during well-child visits and refer children to a 1st Five Developmental Support Specialist for services. 1st Five Iowa is available in 88 of Iowa’s 99 counties.

Finally, Massachusetts started the Welcome Family program through the state Department of Public Health in 2013. The program provides one nurse home visit to families with newborns up to 8 weeks postpartum. Families are provided with education, support, and referrals to community resources.

A few states have also expanded access to standardized developmental screenings and referrals without implementing a comprehensive screening and connection program model. Kansas makes its statewide Ages & Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) system available to schools and community partners serving children from birth through age 5, supporting the use of a consistent developmental screening tool across settings. Ohio has similarly expanded statewide access to ASQ screening through a mobile app, and, as of January 2026, the state reported that more than 20,000 children had been screened since the service’s launch in 2024.21

As additional state-based models emerge and are rigorously evaluated, more evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs may be added.

Over the last year, several states took action to improve access to comprehensive screening and connection programs, specifically through work to expand their evidence-based services statewide, direct Medicaid funds to evidence-based programs, and use state funding to support various programs, including alternative models.

6 States Continued to Expand Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Statewide

In the last year, six states (Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, New Jersey, Ohio, and Oregon) with goals to implement evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs statewide took steps toward broader implementation. Colorado, Connecticut, New Jersey, Ohio, and Oregon expanded services or funded continued expansion into additional communities.

Illinois legislators enacted a bill in June 2026 to move the universal newborn support system from planning toward implementation. Rather than selecting a single model or immediately opening new sites, the law authorizes the state Department of Human Services to establish evidence-based qualifying program standards, coordinate funding, and build the infrastructure needed for future expansion across the state.22 Although Family Connects is the primary evidence-based model operating in Illinois, the new legislation adopts a model-neutral framework and does not necessarily require future programs to follow Family Connects.

Colorado appropriated $2.5 million to continue Family Connects expansion in the Fiscal Year 2026-27 budget, maintaining plans for expansion to 11 counties through Fiscal Year 2028-29. In March 2026, the Colorado Joint Budget Committee reported that the program was operating in Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Eagle, and Jefferson counties with expansions underway in Mesa and Pitkin counties.23

Connecticut appropriated $1.8 million in the Fiscal Year 2026-27 budget to fund the continued expansion of Family Bridge, the state’s Family Connects program. The program is currently available across the Greater Bridgeport and Eastern Connecticut regions.

New Jersey, which launched its first sites in five counties in 2024, expanded to six more counties in early 2025. In January 2026, the state expanded to another six counties – Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Monmouth, and Salem – to bring the program to a total of 17 counties.24 The New Jersey Department of Children and Families announced that Family Connects was on track to reach statewide implementation across all 21 counties by January 2027, and legislators appropriated $48.6 million in the Fiscal Year 2026-27 state budget toward this goal.

Ohio also continued implementing its statewide Family Connects program, which launched in 11 counties in early 2025. In April 2026, the Ohio Department of Children and Youth announced expansion to 22 additional counties.25

Finally, Oregon, the first state to establish a statewide goal, continued to expand its program in the last year. The state’s goal was established through 2019 legislation, and its first Family Connects program sites launched in 2020. In 2025, Oregon began serving families in Douglas and Yamhill counties and added limited services in Multnomah County – bringing Family Connects to a total of 13 counties across the state.26

4 States Began Using Medicaid Funding and 5 States Began Using Direct State Funding to Support Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs

According to program-reported funding data available through calendar year 2025, four states (Alabama, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma) began using Medicaid funding to support evidence-based comprehensive screening and connection programs. Nebraska directed Medicaid revenue toward its Family Connects program, and Alabama, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma used it to fund their HealthySteps programs.

Five states (Alabama, Connecticut, the District of Columbia, New Hampshire, and Ohio) also began using state funding to support their programs in 2025. The District of Columbia and Connecticut both used statewide public health funds to fund their HealthySteps and Family Connects programs, respectively. Alabama, the District of Columbia, and Ohio also leveraged local philanthropy for HealthySteps. Additionally, all of Ohio’s new Family Connects sites that reported their service data in 2025 were funded by the state.

In the last year, states also invested in previously established alternative models. During the 2026 legislative session, New Mexico and Iowa allocated funding to support their alternative comprehensive screening and connection programs, First Born and 1st Five Iowa respectively. Florida and New York included funding for the alternative connection program model Help Me Grow in their Fiscal Year 2026-2027 budgets as well.

3 States Considered Policies to Improve Existing Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs

In the last year, Michigan, New York, and Ohio introduced legislation to improve how families are identified, referred, and connected to comprehensive screening and connection programs and related early childhood supports. Michigan legislators introduced a proposal to support local Help Me Grow collaboratives and require each participating intermediate school district region to have a dedicated Help Me Grow care coordinator to help connect families with young children to services. The bill also attempts to improve the tracking of referrals, screenings, outreach, and barriers that prevent families from getting connected, while directing the state to coordinate Help Me Grow with other home visiting programs. As of September 2026, this bill had not passed.

New York legislators introduced a bill to create a Medicaid add-on payment for pediatric practices that offer HealthySteps services. This proposal would help sustain HealthySteps by providing additional Medicaid reimbursement to practices that deliver screenings, prevention services, behavioral health supports, and referrals to community resources as part of pediatric primary care. This bill did not pass this session.

Finally, Ohio legislators introduced several proposals to better coordinate families’ access to comprehensive screening and connection programs. One proposal would codify and strengthen the state’s existing universal home visiting strategy by requiring a formal implementation plan, setting a target of 20% annual home visiting expansion over 5 years, and creating automatic enrollment pathways through the state’s central intake and referral system. Other proposals would coordinate enrollment between Help Me Grow and a proposed infant care program or require children under age 3 in temporary custody to participate in Help Me Grow. As of September 2026, these bills had not passed.

Federal Changes to Medicaid May Impact State Medicaid Offerings

In July 2025, the federal government passed the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA), or H.R.1, making cuts to federal funding for Medicaid.27 Although the implementation of OBBBA’s changes to Medicaid continue to unfold in 2026, work to understand the implications of these federal policy changes on state budgets remains ongoing. Changes are, however, anticipated to have a detrimental effect on state support for evidence-based policies and strategies such as comprehensive screening and connection programs.

For more information on each state’s progress on comprehensive screening and connection programs, find our individual state summaries under Additional Resources below (and here).

Click here to view the compiled 2026 Roadmap comprehensive screening and connection programs progress summaries for all 50 states and the District of Columbia. (PDF)

View our Policy Impact Calculator, which illustrates how policies, such as state minimum wage, paid family and medical leave, out-of-pocket child care expenses, taxes and tax credits, as well as federal nutrition benefits, interact to impact overall household resources.

  1. Daro, D., Dodge, K.A., & Haskins, R. (2019). Universal approaches to promoting healthy development: introducing the issue. The Future of Children, (29)1, 3-18. doi: 10.1353/foc.2019.0001
  2. Daro, D., Dodge, K.A., & Haskins, R. (2019). Universal approaches to promoting healthy development: introducing the issue. The Future of Children, (29)1, 3-18. doi: 10.1353/foc.2019.0001
  3. Center for Child & Family Health. (n.d.). Family Connects Durham. https://www.ccfhnc.org/programs/family-connects-durham/
  4. Ermias, A., & Lee, J. (2020, June 5). DULCE: A multi-sector approach to addressing the social determinants of health during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. https://cssp.org/2020/06/dulce-a-multi-sector-approach-to-addressing-the-social-determinants-of-health-during-and-beyond-the-covid-19-pandemic/
  5. Zero to Three. (n.d.). What is HealthySteps? https://www.healthysteps.org/
  6. Daro, D., Dodge, K.A., & Haskins, R. (2019). Universal approaches to promoting healthy development: introducing the issue. The Future of Children, (29)1, 3-18. doi: 10.1353/foc.2019.0001
  7. Dodge, K. A., Goodman, W. B., Murphy, R. A., O’Donnell, K., & Sato, J. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of universal postnatal nurse home visiting: Impact on emergency care. Pediatrics, 132(Supplement 2), S140–S146. S140–S146. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1021M [Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Evidence Review Study A]
  8. Goodman, W. B., Dodge, K. A., Bai, Y., O’Donnell, K. J., & Murphy, R. A. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of Family Connects: Effects on child emergency medical care from birth to 24 months. Development and Psychopathology, 31(5), 1863–1872. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419000889 [Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Evidence Review Study C]
  9. Dodge, K. A., Goodman, W. B., Bai, Y., Best, D. L., Rehder, P., & Hill, S. (2022). Impact of a universal perinatal home-visiting program on reduction in race disparities in maternal and child health: Two randomised controlled trials and a field quasi-experiment. The Lancet Regional Health – Americas, 15, 100356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100356
  10. Caughy, M. O., Miller, T. L., Genevro, J. L., Huang, K.-Y., & Nautiyal, C. (2003). The effects of HealthySteps on discipline strategies of parents of young children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(5), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2003.08.004 [Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Evidence Review Study H]
  11. Caughy, M. O., Huang, K.-Y., Miller, T., & Genevro, J. L. (2004). The effects of the HealthySteps for Young Children Program: Results from observations of parenting and child development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 19(4), 611–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2004.10.004 [Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Evidence Review Study I]
  12. Caughy, M. O., Miller, T. L., Genevro, J. L., Huang, K.-Y., & Nautiyal, C. (2003). The effects of HealthySteps on discipline strategies of parents of young children. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 24(5), 517–534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2003.08.004 [Comprehensive Screening and Connection Programs Evidence Review Study H]
  13. K. Friedman, Family Connects International, personal communication, March 30, 2023.
  14. Zero to Three. (2019). Funding HealthySteps: Site and system snapshots. https://www.healthysteps.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Funding_HealthySteps_Site_System_Snapshots.pdf
  15. P. Hampton, personal communication, February 26 to June 16, 2021; S. Johnson and B. Holmes, personal communication, April 12, 2021
  16. US Administration for Children & Families. (n.d). Preschool Development Grant birth to five: A synthesis of funded applications. https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/documents/ecd/preschool_development_grant_birth_through_five_synthesis_report_07_14.pdf
  17. National Home Visiting Resource Center. (n.d.) Models. https://nhvrc.org/about-home-visiting/models/
  18. K. Friedman, Family Connects International, personal communication, March 30, 2023.
  19. Zero to Three. (2019). Funding HealthySteps: Site and system snapshots. https://www.healthysteps.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Funding_HealthySteps_Site_System_Snapshots.pdf
  20. For additional information on alternative comprehensive screening and connection programs, please refer to Methods and Sources.
  21. Hammond, T. (2026). Early Intervention Program Updates. Ohio Department of Children & Youth. https://dam.assets.ohio.gov/image/upload/childrenandyouth.ohio.gov/Tuesday%20Times/2026/4-April/EI-Program-Updates-4.14.26.pdf
  22. Goldfarb, K. (2026). Celebrating the Passage of H.B. 4606. Start Early. https://www.startearly.org/post/celebrating-the-passage-of-hb4606/
  23. Canagarajah, P. (2026). Memorandum: Technical Correction to Department of Early Childhood Figure Setting Document. Colorado Joint Budget Committee. https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/FY2026-27_earfig.pdf
  24. New Jersey Department of Children & Families. (2026). Family Connects NJ Celebrates Program’s Expansion to Six More Counties Across New Jersey. https://www.nj.gov/dcf/public-information/media-publications/press/260128_fcnj_expansion.shtml
  25. Ohio Department of Children & Youth. (2026). Ohio Announces Expansion of Family Connects Ohio Home Visiting Program. https://childrenandyouth.ohio.gov/home/news-and-events/all-news/Family-Connects-Expansion
  26. Oregon Health Authority. (2026). Family Connects Oregon Guidance for CCOs. https://www.oregon.gov/oha/HSD/OHP/CCO/Family%20Connects%20Oregon%20Guidance%20for%20CCOs_5.15.26.pdf
  27. KFF. (2025). Health Provisions in the 2025 Federal Budget Reconciliation Bill. KFF. https://www.kff.org/tracking-the-medicaid-provisions-in-the-2025-budget-bill/

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